Parasha Vayikra (Leviticus 1:1–5:26 [6:7 in some editions])

Parasha Vayikra ("And He called") marks the beginning of the Book of Leviticus (Vayikra), which primarily focuses on the laws of sacrifices and the priestly service in the Mishkan (Tabernacle). The parashah of Vayikra begins the book of Leviticus, a text primarily concerned with the holiness of the Israelites and their relationship with G-d. The book opens with G-d calling out to Moshe from the Tent of Meeting, a significant moment that underscores the intimate communication between the Divine and His chosen prophet. G-d instructs Moshe to speak to the sons of Israel, delivering the laws regarding the korbanot (offerings)—an essential system of worship that serves as a means of atonement, sanctification, and communion with the Divine.

The first five chapters of Vayikra outline the various types of offerings that the Israelites must bring before G-d. Each offering carries its own rules and obligations, all carefully prescribed by G-d through Moshe. Some of these laws are designated as perpetual statutes, meant to be observed throughout all generations.

The korbanot are not merely ritualistic practices but serve a profound spiritual purpose. They provide a means of reconciliation between the individual and G-d, restore harmony within the community, and acknowledge G-d’s sovereignty over all creation. These offerings remind Israel of the sacred responsibility they bear in maintaining holiness and living in covenant faithfulness before the Almighty.

1. Introduction to the Sacrificial System

G-d calls Moshe from the Ohel Mo’ed (Tent of Meeting) and begins instructing him on the korbanot (offerings) that the Israelites are to bring as acts of worship, atonement, and thanksgiving.

2. Types of Offerings

The parasha outlines five main types of sacrifices:

• Olah (Burnt Offering) – An offering completely burned on the altar, representing complete devotion to G-d.

• Minchah (Grain Offering) – A meal offering of fine flour, oil, and frankincense, symbolizing gratitude and dedication.

• Shelamim (Peace Offering) – A voluntary offering where part is burned on the altar, part is given to the priests, and part is eaten by the offerer, symbolizing harmony with G-d.

• Chatat (Sin Offering) – A sacrifice brought for unintentional sins committed against G-d’s commandments. Different offerings are prescribed depending on whether the offender is a priest, a leader, or an ordinary person.

• Asham (Guilt Offering) – A sacrifice for certain transgressions, including misappropriation of sacred property or deceit against another person.

3. Themes and Lessons

• The Power of Teshuvah (Repentance) – The korbanot (sacrifices) emphasize personal responsibility and the ability to seek atonement.

• Different Levels of Accountability – Leaders, priests, and common people all have unique responsibilities before G-d.

• Drawing Near to G-d – The Hebrew word "korban" comes from karov (to draw near), indicating that sacrifices were a way to strengthen the relationship between Israel and G-d.

Haftarah (Isaiah 43:21–44:23)

The Haftarah is from the Book of Isaiah, offers a prophetic critique of Israel’s misunderstanding of sacrifices and a reminder of G-d’s forgiveness and redemption.

1. Israel’s Failure to Understand Sacrifices (Isaiah 43:21–28)

• G-d rebukes Israel for not truly honoring Him with sacrifices.

• Instead of bringing offerings with sincerity, the people burden G-d with their sins rather than worshiping Him from the heart.

• G-d declares that He does not need sacrifices but rather desires righteousness and repentance.

2. G-d’s Promise of Redemption (Isaiah 44:1–23)

• Despite Israel’s failures, G-d reassures them: “I have wiped out your transgressions like a cloud.”

• G-d reminds Israel that He alone is their Redeemer, not the idols they have turned to.

• The Haftarah concludes with a call for Israel to return to G-d and a song of praise for His mercy.

3. Connection to Parasha Vayikra

• The Torah portion emphasizes the sacrificial system as a way of drawing near to G-d.

• The Haftarah reminds Israel that sacrifices must be accompanied by true devotion and ethical living.

• Both portions highlight G-d’s desire for a sincere relationship with His people and His willingness to forgive.

Conclusion

Parasha Vayikra and its Haftarah together teach that sacrifices and religious rituals are meaningless without true devotion and repentance. The sacrificial system was never about mechanical offerings but about drawing near to G-d with sincerity. The Haftarah reinforces this by emphasizing G-d’s mercy and redemption, calling Israel to return to Him in faithfulness and righteousness.